ÓªÑøËصÝËÍͨµÀÊÇÖ¸½«ÓªÑøËØ£¨ÈçάÉúËØ¡¢¡¢¿óÎïÖÊ¡¢¡¢ÂÑ°×Öʵȣ©´ÓÍâ½çÎüÊÕ²¢ÔËË͵½Ï¸°ûÄÚ£¬£¬ÒÔÖª×ãÉíÌåµÄÓªÑøÐèÇó¡£ÓªÑøËصÝËÍͨµÀ¿ÉÒÔ·ÖΪ¿Ú·þ¡¢¡¢¿ÚǻճĤ¡¢¡¢×¢ÉäµÈ£¬£¬Ã¿ÖÖ·½Ê½¶¼ÓÐÆäÌض¨µÄÓÅÊƺÍÊÊÓó¡¾°¡£

   ÔÚ¿Ú·þ·½Ê½ÖУ¬£¬ÓªÑøËØ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý賦µÀ±»ÎüÊÕ£¬£¬È»ºó½øÈëѪҺѭ»·£¬£¬±»ÔËË͵½ÉíÌå¸÷¸ö²¿Î»¡£¶ø¿ÚÇ»ð¤Ä¤ÎüÊÕͨµÀÊÇÒ»ÖÖͨ¹ý¿ÚÇ»ð¤Ä¤Ñ¸ËÙÎüÊÕÓªÑøËصķ½Ê½£¬£¬×èÖ¹ÁËθËáµÈÒòËصÄÓ°Ï죬£¬´Ó¶øʵÏÖ¸ü¿ìµÄЧ¹û¡£

   ×¢ÉäÊÇÁíÒ»ÖÖÓªÑøËصÝËÍͨµÀ£¬£¬Í¨¹ý½«ÓªÑøËØÖ±½Ó×¢ÈëÌåÄÚ£¬£¬¿ÉÒÔÈƹý賦µÀµÄÎüÊÕÀú³Ì£¬£¬Ö±½Ó½øÈëѪҺѭ»·£¬£¬¾ßÓиü¸ßµÄÉúÎïʹÓÃÂÊ¡£ÕâÖÖ·½Ê½³£ÓÃÓÚÐèҪѸËÙÔö²¹´ó×ÚÓªÑøËصÄÇéÐΡ£

   ×ÜÖ®£¬£¬ÓªÑøËصÝËÍͨµÀÊǽ«ÓªÑøÎïÖÊ´ÓÍâ½çת´ïµ½ÌåÄÚϸ°ûµÄ;¾¶£¬£¬²î±ðµÄͨµÀ·½Ê½ÊÊÓÃÓÚ²î±ðµÄÇéÐκÍÐèÇó¡£

×÷Éõ¿ÚǻճĤµÝËÍͨµÀ

   ¿ÚÇ»ð¤Ä¤µÝËÍͨµÀÊÇÒ»ÖÖÁ¢ÒìµÄÒªÁ죬£¬ÓÃÓÚ½«ÓªÑøËغÍÆäËûÉúÎï»îÐÔÎïÖÊת´ïµ½ÈËÌåÄÚ£¬£¬Í¨¹ý¿ÚÇ»ð¤Ä¤µÄÎüÊÕÀ´ÊµÏÖ¿ìËÙ¶øÓÐÓõÄÎüÊÕºÍת´ï¡£Õâһת´ï;¾¶Ö÷Òª·ÖΪÁ½ÖÖ·½Ê½£º£º£ºÉàϵÝËͺͼÕĤµÝËÍ¡£

   ÉàϵÝËÍÊǽ«ÓªÑøËØ»òÉúÎï»îÐÔÎïÖÊÖ±½Ó·ÅÖÃÔÚÉàÏÂð¤Ä¤Ï£¬£¬Ê¹Æäͨ¹ýð¤Ä¤½øÈëѪҺѭ»·¡£ÉàÏÂð¤Ä¤¸»ºñµÄѪ¹ÜÍøÂçºÍëϸѪ¹Ü¿ÉÒÔÔö½øÎïÖʵĿìËÙÎüÊÕ£¬£¬Èƹý賦µÀµÄÏû»¯ºÍ´úл£¬£¬´Ó¶øʵÏÖ¸ü¸ßµÄÉúÎïʹÓÃÂʺ͸ü¿ìµÄЧ¹û¡£

   ¼ÕĤµÝËÍÊǽ«ÎïÖÊ·ÅÖÃÔÚ¼Õ²¿ÄÚ²àð¤Ä¤ÉÏ£¬£¬Í¨¹ý¼Õð¤Ä¤µÄÎüÊÕ½øÈëÑ­»·ÏµÍ³¡£ÕâÖÖ·½Ê½Ò²Äܹ»×èÖ¹ÎïÖÊÔÚ賦µÀÖеĽµ½âºÍ´úл£¬£¬Ìá¸ßÆäÉúÎïʹÓÃÂÊ¡£

   ÕâЩ¿ÚÇ»ð¤Ä¤µÝËÍͨµÀÔÚÓªÑøÔö²¹ºÍ±£½¡·½Ãæ¾ßÓÐDZÔÚÓ¦Óá£Í¨¹ýÕâЩ;¾¶£¬£¬ÈËÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¸üÓÐÓõػñÈ¡ËùÐèµÄÓªÑøËغÍÉúÎï»îÐÔÒòËØ£¬£¬´Ó¶øʵÏÖ¸üºÃµÄ¿µ½¡ºÍÉúÑÄÖÊÁ¿¡£È»¶ø£¬£¬Ñ¡ÔñºÏÊʵĵÝËÍ·½Ê½ÐèҪ˼Á¿ÎïÖʵÄÌØÕ÷¡¢¡¢Ä¿µÄЧ¹ûºÍ¸öÌå²î±ð¡£Ëæ×ÅÑо¿µÄÒ»Ö±ÉîÈ룬£¬¿ÚÇ»ð¤Ä¤µÝËÍͨµÀÓÐÍûÔÚÓªÑøÔö²¹ÁìÓòÊ©Õ¹Ô½À´Ô½Ö÷ÒªµÄ×÷Óá£

ÉàÏÂð¤Ä¤ºÍ¼Õð¤Ä¤Ö®¼äµÄÉø͸²î±ð

   ÉàÏÂð¤Ä¤ºÍ¼ÕĤ֮¼äµÄÆʽâºÍÉø͸ÐÔ²î±ðÐèÒª²î±ðµÄµÝËÍͨµÀÉè¼Æ¡£ÓÉÓÚÉàÏÂð¤Ä¤¾ßÓиßÉø͸ÐԺ͸»ºñµÄѪҺ¹©Ó¦£¬£¬Òò´ËËüÄܹ»¿ìËÙÎüÊÕ£¬£¬Ñ¸ËÙ±¬·¢×÷Ó㬣¬²¢¾ßÓнϸߵÄÉúÎïʹÓÃÂÊ¡£ÉàÏÂð¤Ä¤×îÊʺÏʹÓÃС¿ÅÁ£µÄµÝËÍͨµÀ£¬£¬ÔÚ¶Ìʱ¼äÄÚÒÔ¸ßŨ¶ÈÌṩ»¯ºÏÎï¡£ÄÉÃ×¼¶£¨½éÓÚ20µ½200ÒÚ·ÖÖ®Ò»Ã×Ö®¼ä£©µÄ¹ÌÌåÖ¬ÖʺÍÒºµÎÖ¬ÖÊÄÉÃ×Çò¾ßÓÐÀíÏëµÄ×é³ÉºÍ·Ö×ӽṹ£¬£¬ÊÊÓÃÓÚÉàϵÝËÍͨµÀ¡£

   ¼ÕĤµÄÉø͸ÐÔÏÔ×ŵÍÓÚÉàÏÂÇøÓò£¬£¬²»¾ß±¸ÉàϵÝË͵ĿìËÙÎüÊÕºÍÓÅÔ½ÉúÎïʹÓÃÂÊ¡£ÔÚ¶àÏî½ÏÁ¿Ñо¿ÖУ¬£¬ÉàϵÝËÍЧ¹û±È¼ÕĤµÝË͸üΪÓÐÓá£

×÷ÉõÄÉÃ×Çò

   Í¨¹ý¿ÚÇ»ð¤Ä¤µÝËÍÓªÑøÔö²¹¼ÁºÍ±£½¡Æ·µÄ½â¾ö·½°¸ÔÚÓÚ½«ÉúÎﻯºÏÎï·â×°µ½¸ßÉø͸ÐÔµÄÖ¬ÖÊÄÉÃ×ÇòÖС£ÕâЩÄÉÃ×Çò¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýµÎ¹ÜÇáËɵØͶ·Åµ½¿ÚÇ»µÄÉàÏÂð¤Ä¤£¬£¬ÒÔ±ã¿ìËÙ±»ÎüÊÕ½øÈëÑ­»·ÏµÍ³¡£

1.ÄÉÃ×ÇòµÄ»ù´¡£º£º£ºÄÉÃ×ÇòÊÇÓÉÇå¾²µÄÁ×Ö¬¡¢¡¢Ö¬·¾ËáºÍÍâò»îÐÔ¼Á×é³ÉµÄ£¬£¬¾ßÓиßÉø͸ÐԺͱ£»£»£»¤ÐÔ¡£Æä½¹µã×é³ÉÎïÖÊÁ×Ö¬õ£µ¨¼î·ÖÊý´¿¶ÈÁè¼Ý60%£¬£¬¿É¶¯Ì¬µØ±£»£»£»¤Ëù·â×°µÄÉúÎï»îÐÔÎïÖÊ¡£ÕâЩÄÉÃ×ÇòÓëÉúÎïĤºÍÖ¬ÂÑ°×µÄÖ÷ÒªÒòËØÏàͬ£¬£¬¶Ôϸ°ûĤ¸ß¶ÈÉø͸£¬£¬Äܹ»ÓÐÓõطâ×°ÖÖÖÖÉúÎï»îÐÔÎïÖÊ£¬£¬ÊµÏÖ¿ìËٵĿÚÇ»ð¤Ä¤×ª´ï¡£

2.ÑÇ΢Ã×ÒþÐÎÇòÌ壺£º£ºÄÉÃ×ÇòµÄ³ß´ç¶ÔÆäЧ¹ûÖÁ¹ØÖ÷Òª£¬£¬Ö±¾¶ÔÚ20ÄÉÃ×µ½200ÄÉÃ×Ö®¼äµÄÄÉÃ×ÇòÑ­»·Ê±¼ä½Ï³¤¡£¸üСµÄÄÉÃ×Çò¾ßÓÐÒþÉíÌØÕ÷£¬£¬¿ÉÒÔ×èÖ¹ÃâÒßϵͳ¼ì²â²¢ÌṩÒþ²ØÔØÌå¡£ËüÃǵÄÄÉÃ׳ߴçʹÆäÄܹ»´©Ô½Ï¸°ûºÍĤÆÁÕÏ£¬£¬ÉõÖÁ´©Ô½ÑªÄÔÆÁÕϽø×ÅÃÔ¾­ÏµÍ³ÇøÓò¡£ÄÉÃ×Çòת´ïϵͳ¾ßÓпìËÙÎüÊÕ¡¢¡¢Ìá¸ßÉúÎïʹÓöÈ¡¢¡¢¿ìËÙÊ©Õ¹×÷Óᢡ¢Î¬³Ö¸ßѪ½¬Ë®Æ½ÒÔ¼°¸ÄÉÆÉúÎïЧӦµÈÓŵã¡£

   ÄÉÃ×ÇòÒѱ»Ö¤Êµ¾ßÓÐÒÔÏÂÓÅÊÆ£º£º£º

1.ͨ¹ý¾­ð¤Ä¤ÎüÊÕµÝËÍÀ´ÔöÌíÉúÎïʹÓöÈ

2.¸ü³¤ÆÚµÄѪҺˮƽ£¬£¬¸ü¸ßµÄÉúÎïЧӦºÍ³ÖÐøʱ¼ä¸ü³¤µÄÒæ´¦

3.¸ü¸ßЧµÄ·´Ó³£¬£¬ÔÊÐíïÔÌ­ÓÃÁ¿ºÍʹÓÃƵÂÊ

4.½«±»×è¸ôµÄ»¯ºÏÎïÔËÊä´©¹ýѪÄÔÆÁÕϲ¢½øÈëÄԽṹ

5.¸ÄÉÆÓû§±ãµ±ÐÔ£¨ïÔ̭ʹÓÃƵÂʺ͸üÈÝÒ××ñ´Ó£©

6.ÑÓÉìµÄÑ­»·°ëË¥ÆÚ£¨ÓëÒ©ÎïµÝË͸ººÉµÄÑо¿ÒѾ­Ö¤Êµ¿ÉÔöÌí100±¶£¬£¬´Ó¶øÏÔÖøÌá¸ßЧÁ¦-×î¸ß¿É´ï500±¶£©

Reference£º£º£º

1.Shojaei, A. H., Chang, R. K., Guo, X., Burnside, B. A., & Couch, R. A. (2001). Systemic drug delivery via the buccal mucosal route. Pharmaceutical technology, 25(6), 70-81.

2.Harris, D., & Robinson, J. R. (1992). Drug delivery via the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 81(1), 1-10.

3.Washington, N., Washington, C., & Wilson, C. (2000). Physiological pharmaceutics: barriers to drug absorption. CRC Press.

4.Patel VF, Liu F, Brown MB. Advances in oral transmucosal drug delivery. J Control Release 2011 Jul 30;153(2):106-16.

5.Shojaei, A. H. (1998). Buccal mucosa as a route for systemic drug delivery: a review. J Pharm Pharm Sci, 1(1), 15-30.

6.Hua, S. (2019). Advances in nanoparticulate drug delivery approaches for sublingual and buccal administration. Frontiers in pharmacology, 10, 1328.

7.Reza Mozafari, M., Johnson, C., Hatziantoniou, S., & Demetzos, C. (2008). Nanoliposomes and their applications in food nanotechnology. Journal of liposome research, 18(4), 309-327.